Ensaios USF

Graphene: applications and challenges of large-scale synthesis

Gustavo Leite Granado Santos — 2025-04-24

The applications of graphene are becoming increasingly broad, and the demand for this two-dimensional material with remarkable properties continues to grow. Graphene is a nanomaterial with a thickness of a single atom, an sp2-hybridized carbon allotrope, where each atom forms three bonds in a hexagonal structure, confined to two dimensions. This study addresses the main methods of graphene synthesis, categorized into top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. A systematic literature review of scientific articles on graphene synthesis was conducted to identify the most suitable methods for large-scale production. Various characteristics such as scalability, efficiency, economic and environmental sustainability were evaluated. Additionally, the applications of different types of graphene produced by various methods were analyzed. Graphene can be physically exfoliated from graphite, while graphene foams can be obtained through microwave-assisted exfoliation, graphene oxide is produced by chemical exfoliation, graphene flakes are synthesized via flash Joule heating, and high-quality few-layer graphene films are generated through chemical vapor deposition. The study concluded that the most suitable method for large-scale graphene synthesis currently is PECVD, capable of forming single-layer pure graphene films with large areas. The feasibility of other methods was discussed, raising questions regarding their applicability, utility, efficiency, and the ongoing challenges related to the scalability of the presented methods.

Analysis of demand generation for agricultural pesticides in sugarcane cultivation

Gabriel de Souza Lopes — 2025-02-18

Demand generation allows companies to use strategies to stimulate interest in the products or services offered, aiming to stimulate current or potential customers, providing an increase in sales and the company's profitability. The objective of this work was to analyze a case study on the Demand Generation Plan (PGD) for a company in the field of agricultural pesticides used in the cultivation of sugar cane in the region of Ribeirão Preto - SP. The actions carried out by 9 Technical Sales Representatives (RTVs) were analyzed during the years 2022 and 2023. Among the actions carried out, the one that stood out most among the RTVs was the technical visit. The Sales Reversal Rate for the actions developed by RTVs was 53%. It is concluded that the PGD is a robust plan, in which this rate can be improved, mainly aiming to increase/improve the specific actions carried out for each client.

Use of barrier technology for aseptic processes in the pharmaceutical sector

Bárbara Damario Paiva — 2025-04-29

Barrier technology plays an indispensable role in the production of sterile products in the pharmaceutical industry, being an important parameter to ensure the quality, efficacy and safety of drugs. This technology includes physical isolation systems, such as isolators and restricted access barrier systems, which minimize the risk of cross-contamination and exposure to external agents during the manufacturing and packaging processes. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) regulates the production of sterile drugs. According to this regulation, operations in classified areas must be carried out under controlled conditions, with continuous monitoring of environmental parameters, such as particles, microorganisms and air flow. Considering the importance of the subject, this study aimed to present a theoretical framework on the use of barrier technology for aseptic processes in the pharmaceutical area. The methodological development involved a narrative review of the literature. Based on the findings, it was evident that the adoption of barrier technology must meet the regulatory requirements in order to reduce the need for manual interventions in critical areas, improving product protection and operator safety. The implementation of barrier systems enables greater control over aseptic processes. In addition, the technology contributes to compliance with international standards, aligning national production with the demands of the global market.

Computational analysis of phosphate uptake in Staphylococcus aureus and prospecting for potential inhibitors

Beatriz Nascimento Chaves — 2025-04-22

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen associated with various infections and increasing antibiotic resistance. Phosphate is essential for cellular processes, and in S. aureus, its uptake occurs through ABC-type transporters, in which the SBP protein plays a key role. This study aimed to identify and characterize the SBP protein of S. aureus using bioinformatics approaches to identify potential ligands capable of interfering with its function. Databases, online platforms, and bioinformatics tools were used for structural characterization and molecular modeling of the protein and its ligands. The analysis revealed a complete transporter, with the PstS protein responsible for phosphate binding and uptake. Its structure, characteristic of type II SBP proteins, contains two key residues involved in phosphate interaction: D¹¹⁶and T¹⁷¹. Molecular docking indicated that sulfate, nitrate, and various phosphate-containing molecules exhibit affinity for PstS, as evidenced by negative free energy values. These findings suggest that phosphate-containing compounds may interact with PstS, potentially disrupting phosphate transport. This study paves the way for the development of molecules that impair phosphate uptake in S. aureus, reducing its viability and infectious potential.

The importance of nursing guidance to postpartum women regarding the signs and symptoms of baby blues.

Ketlyn Oliveira Bredariol — 2025-05-20

Baby blues is an emotional phenomenon characterized by temporary and self-limiting changes, including low mood, mild depressive symptoms, sadness, irritability, fatigue, insecurity, and easy crying. Although baby blues is temporary and relatively common, the lack of proper guidance for recognizing its signs and symptoms can lead to unnecessary concerns or even progression to more severe conditions. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of postpartum women regarding the recognition of signs and symptoms of baby blues during the postpartum period. The study was conducted at the maternity ward of a university hospital in Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil. The secondary objectives included providing guidance and health education to the postpartum women. This research was a descriptive, exploratory, field study with a quantitative approach. Data collection involved the application of a closed questionnaire and health guidance through the presentation of an informative pamphlet. The findings revealed a gap in postpartum women’s knowledge about baby blues and the recognition of its signs and symptoms, showing that most women had not received guidance during prenatal care, despite all being able to identify signs and symptoms of baby blues based on their previous experiences. After receiving guidance, the postpartum women reported feeling supported, understood, and more secure. Nursing plays a crucial role in health education and providing guidance during prenatal care, significantly contributing to better preparation for managing potential emotional fluctuations in the postpartum period. postpartum period.

PREDICTORS OF EXTERNALIZING AND INTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS: A STUDY WITH BIOLOGICAL MOTHERS AND FATHERS

Jéssica Aline Rovaris — 2025-02-18

Child behavior problems are multi-determined. However, there are still few studies that sought to simultaneously investigate the influence of the variables most reported in the literature on the emergence and maintenance of externalizing and internalizing problems. Still, there are few studies that have sought to differentiate the maternal and paternal perspectives in prediction studies. Such investigation is relevant given the high incidence of behavioral problems and their interference with child development and health. The objective of this study was to compare parental perceptions about their own behaviors and the behaviors of their daughters and sons and, after, identify predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems, according to both parents. 71 heterosexual couples participated, biological parents of children enrolled in kindergarten or elementary school. The CBCL, RE-HSE-P and QRSH instruments were answered. For data processing and analysis, Student's T tests for paired samples and Hierarchical Linear Regression were used. The results demonstrated that lower socioeconomic level and negative practices were positive predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems, according to mothers and fathers. Children's social skills, coexistence with the mother and paternal HSE-P were identified as relevant protective factors. The data highlighted the multi-determined nature of behavior problems, highlighted similarities and differences between maternal and paternal practices and confirmed the influence of both on the behaviors developed by children.

Infrastructure and psychological factors as risk of fracture in institutionalized elderly: Study in a public nursing home

Mateus Cavalcante Melo — 2025-08-19

This study analyzed the relationship between infrastructure, psychological factors, and the risk of fractures in institutionalized elderly individuals in a public nursing home. The project was based on weekly visits and interviews with nursing home residents, exploring aspects such as structural conditions and medical and psychological support. The data showed that the nursing home offers well-adapted infrastructure, with grab bars, non-slip floors, and stairs with handrails, as well as preventive and multidisciplinary care. Most elderly individuals reported high satisfaction with the environment and the support provided, highlighting the promotion of regular physical activity and psychological counseling. Although preventive care significantly reduces the risk of falls and fractures, it was found that the inherent frailty of elderly individuals still represents a factor requiring attention. The findings reinforce the importance of a holistic approach, integrating adequate infrastructure and emotional support, as fundamental pillars for preventing fractures and promoting quality of life in long-term care facilities.